Oral Care Implement With Mechanical Energy Harvesting

ABSTRACT

A mechanical energy harvesting toothbrush may employ circuits and devices to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Such conversion can be done using piezoelectric devices to convert stresses and strains from bending of the toothbrush head and/or bristles during use, and can be done using electromagnetic generators involving passing a magnet through a coil to induce current. The resulting electric energy may be rectified, and stored in a storage device, such as a capacitor or rechargeable battery. A switching circuit may be configured to detect the level of energy stored in the storage device, and to close an electrical connection when a predetermined level of energy (e.g., a charge) has been reached. The predetermined level may correspond to a desired amount of brushing (e.g., taking into account stroke length and force, and the number of strokes), and the closing of the electrical connection may be used to power output devices when that desired amount of brushing has been reached.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present application pertains to an oral care implement, inparticular to a toothbrush with mechanical energy harvesting device andcircuitry. Tooth brushing is part of a daily oral hygiene activity.Proper dental care involves regular flossing, brushing and dentalcheckups. Dentists generally recommend that an individual brush his orher teeth for a minimum interval per cleaning, such as two minutes.Despite such recommendations, many individuals, especially youngchildren, do not regularly brush their teeth for the recommended minimuminterval. Such habits often can be attributed to the individualregarding tooth brushing as a mundane duty with few pleasurable aspects.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention pertains to an oral care implement with mechanicalenergy harvesting device and circuitry. In one aspect, the oral careimplement can signal to a user when a suitable level of brushing hasbeen accomplished.

A number of mechanical energy harvesting circuits may be used in an oralcare implement to capture mechanical energy from brushing, and toconvert that mechanical energy into electrical energy that can be usedat a later time. For example, an oral care implement may have a handle,head with tooth cleaning elements, a mechanical energy harvesting deviceor circuit (to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy), anelectrical energy storage device (to store the electrical energy) and aswitching circuit to close an electrical connection with the storagedevice when a predetermined voltage has been reached.

In one aspect, the predetermined voltage may be determined by takinginto account typical brush stroke length, stroke number and force ofbrushing.

In one aspect, the mechanical energy harvesting circuit can include oneor more piezoelectric devices positioned to generate electricity inresponse to deflections or bending of the toothbrush head and/or toothcleaning elements.

In one aspect, the harvesting circuit can include one or moreelectromagnetic generators, having wire coils and moveable magnets, toinduce an electric current as the magnets pass through the coils due tomovement of the toothbrush during brushing.

In another aspect, a rectifier circuit may be used to rectify theelectricity generated by the harvesting circuit before storage in thestorage device, and a voltage regulator may be used to provide aconstant level output when the storage device is being discharged.

Other features and embodiments are described in the sections thatfollow.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The features herein will become more fully understood from the detaileddescription given herein below, and the accompanying drawings, which aregiven by way of non-limiting illustration only.

FIG. 1A is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a toothbrushconstruction in accordance with at least one aspect of the invention.

FIG. 1B is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an alternativetoothbrush construction in accordance with at least one aspect of theinvention.

FIG. 1C is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an alternativetoothbrush construction in accordance with at least one aspect of theinvention.

FIG. 1D is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an alternativetoothbrush in accordance with at least one aspect of the invention.

FIG. 2 is an electrical schematic illustrating an exemplary circuitconfiguration in accordance with at least one aspect of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-section view of an alternative head construction takenalong the width of a toothbrush in accordance with at least one aspectof the invention.

FIG. 4 is an electrical schematic illustrating an alternative circuitconfiguration.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings.The same reference numbers in different figures identify the same orsimilar elements.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1A-1D, an oral care implement, such astoothbrush construction 100, 300, 400, 500, may include a brush head 101and a handle 102. The head 101 may be a refill head that is removablyconnected to handle 102, or it may be integrally formed and attached tothe handle 102.

The head 101 may include one or more tooth cleaning elements, such as afield of bristles 103. As used herein, the term “tooth cleaningelements” or “cleaning elements” includes any type of structure that iscommonly used or is suitable for use in providing oral health benefits(e.g., tooth cleaning, tooth polishing, tooth whitening, massaging,stimulating, etc.) by making contact with portions of the teeth andgums. Such tooth cleaning elements include but are not limited to tuftsof bristles that can be formed to have a number of different shapes andsizes and elastomeric cleaning members that can be formed to have anumber of different shapes and sizes, or a combination of both tufts ofbristles and elastomeric cleaning members.

Referring to the toothbrush construction 100 of FIG. 1A, the head 101may also include one or more energy producing devices, such aspiezoelectric devices 104. The piezoelectric devices 104 may be arrangedin contact with, or proximate to, the bristles 103, so that movement ofthe bristles causes stress or strain on the devices 104. For example, agiven bristle may be attached to a cantilever portion of amicro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) device to stress or strain thedevice 104. MEMS cantilevers are conventionally fabricated from siliconnitride (SiN), silicon (Si), or various polymers. In a cantilever MEMSdevice, the proximal end of the cleaning element (e.g., bristle orelastomeric element) is attached to the “cantilevered” portion of theMEMS device. In this construction, z-axis movement of the cleaningelement causes deflections in the MEMS device which invokes electricalpotential. Nevertheless, the amount of electrical energy depends on themodulus of elasticity of the material, the thickness of the cantileveredportion and the piezo-resistive material of the MEMS device.

The stress or strain causes the piezoelectric device 104 to generate asmall amount of electrical energy, such as a voltage. As will beexplained below, the head 101 may also include wiring and circuitry tocarry this voltage to other parts of the toothbrush 100, and thatelectrical energy may eventually be used to power one or more outputdevices 105.

Referring to the toothbrush construction 300 of FIG. 1B, the head 101may also include one or more piezoelectric devices 106 that are stressedor strained by the natural bending of the head 101 along thelongitudinal axis X-X that occurs during a normal tooth brushingoperation. The amount of bending or deflection along the longitudinalaxis can depend on the type of material and thickness of the head 101.For example, rigid plastics or resins, such as polypropylene, may beused to form the head 101. To provide a controlled deflection profileand/or focus the bending in regional areas, the head 101 may include oneor more flexing joints 107 disposed transverse (e.g., along a Y-axis) tothe longitudinal axis X-X. In the one construction, the joints 107 maybe disposed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the toothbrush. Inother constructions, the joints 107 may be notches or grooves, havingless head material in the area than in the immediate surrounding portionof the head 101. In the alternative construction, the joints 107 may beformed of a less rigid material than other portions of the head (e.g.,rubberized or elastomeric sections at the joints 107). The flexibilityof the head 101 (e.g., Z-axis movement) facilitates enhanced cleaning ofthe lingual and facial surfaces with dentifrice on the tooth cleaningelements. In addition, Z-axis movement of the tooth cleaning elementsfacilitates improved interproximal cleaning as well as cleaning of thecrowns of the molars of the teeth of a human. In this way, a toothbrushprovides improved cleaning capabilities and energy harvesting features.

The piezoelectric devices 106 may be placed near the joints 107 tomaximize the stress or strain experienced by the device 106 as the headdeflects or bends along the longitudinal axis X-X during brushing.Nevertheless, the head 101 may twist to have a torsional component whichcauses strain on the piezoelectric device 106. The changes in strain ondevice 106 invoke an electrical response in the piezoelectric device.Hence, during a brushing operation, piezoelectric devices 106 canexperience a combination of different types of movements including, forexample, a deflection along the longitudinal axis and a twistingcomponent about the same longitudinal axis.

As illustrated in FIG. 1B, the piezoelectric devices 106 may be placeddirectly above and centered relative a flexing joint 107. In alternativehead construction shown in FIG. 3, the joints or grooves 308 may bedisposed along or generally parallel to the longitudinal axis X-X of thetoothbrush. In this construction, the grooves 308 are disposed acrossthe width W of the head. Piezoelectric device 304 may be placed directlyabove and centered with respect to a flexing joint 308. Alternatively,the device 304 may be placed under the bristle field similar to device104. In these longitudinal joint constructions, the head 101 may flex inside-to-side motions (e.g., width) and provide improved energyharvesting features.

Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, with the piezoelectric devices 104, 106,the amount of electrical energy generated will vary proportionally withthe amount of force used to brush a user's teeth. Individual performanceranges will depend on the piezoelectric material type and configurationchosen, and any piezoelectric material type and configuration may beused as desired. Additionally, different types of piezoelectric devicesmay be used. The device 106 may be larger in structure than device 104.In one construction, device 104, 106 may be a microelectromechanicalsystem (MEMS) device that includes a cantilever portion attached to eachof a plurality of the bristles 103.

Referring to the toothbrush construction 400 of FIG. 1C, the toothbrush400 may also include one or more electromagnetic generators 108. Eachgenerator 108 may include a wire coil 109 and a magnet 110 that isconfigured to freely move through the coil 109 as the toothbrush 100 ismoved back and forth along its longitudinal axis (horizontal, asdepicted in FIG. 1). This configuration may be accomplished in a varietyof ways. For example, the coil 109 may be embedded within a tube of anon-conducting material having a low coefficient of friction, and themagnet 110 (which may also be encased in a similar material) may becentrally aligned within the tube. The non-conducting material having alow friction should be biocompatible. An example of such a material ispolycarbonate.

As the toothbrush 400 is moved back and forth, the magnet 110 moves backand forth through the coil 109, inducing a small amount of current inthe coil 109. The amount of current generated will depend on severalfactors, such as the strength of the magnet, the number of loops in thecoil, and the speed at which the magnet travels. The head 101 mayinclude additional wiring and circuitry to convey this current to otherparts of the toothbrush, as will be explained below.

Referring to FIG. 1D, toothbrush construction 500 may include acombination of the features of toothbrush constructions 100, 300, and400 for energy harvesting.

FIG. 2 illustrates an electrical schematic that can be used with thetoothbrush 100. As illustrated, an energy harvesting device 201represents the devices 104, 106 and/or electromagnetic generators 108that are in the toothbrush 100. The toothbrush 100 may have one, some,or all of these as energy harvesting devices, and they are genericallyrepresented in FIG. 2.

The energy harvesting device 201 may generate an alternating current(AC) output due to the back-and-forth motion of the toothbrush 100and/or bending of the head 101 and/or bristles 103. For example, thegenerator 108 may generate an alternating current (AC) output in use(e.g., generating a positive current when the toothbrush is moved in onedirection, and a negative current when the toothbrush is moved in anopposite direction). This output may be supplied to a rectifier circuit202 to convert the AC output to a DC output. Any type of rectifiercircuit 202 may be used, depending on the type of output generated bythe particular piezoelectric devices 104, 106 and/or the generator 108,and on the type of output desired.

The rectifier circuit 202 may then be coupled to an electrical energystorage device 203. Device 203 may be any type of device that canreceive electrical energy (a charge) and store it for later use. Forexample, a capacitor or rechargeable battery may be used to store theelectrical energy from the rectifier 202 in the form of a stored charge.The actual amount of charge stored will depend on the type and number ofenergy harvesting devices 201 used in the toothbrush, and the electricalenergy storage device 203 may act as an integrator summing the chargesgenerated by each movement, bending, or stroke of the toothbrush.

The energy stored in energy storage device 203 will accumulate as thetoothbrush is used, and a switch circuit 204 may be used to regulate therelease of that energy. The switch circuit 204 may keep an electricalconnection between the storage device 203 and an output load 206 in anopen state until the voltage level in the storage device 203 reaches apredetermined level, and then close that connection when the voltagereaches that predetermined level to discharge the device 203 and toallow the output load 206 to use the stored energy. One exampleembodiment of the switch circuit 204 is a silicon-controlled rectifier(SCR), or a thyristor, configuration, as illustrated in FIG. 2. Byknowing the SCR's turn-on voltage, and the desired predetermined voltagefor the storage device 203, the ratio of resistor values R1/R2 can bechosen so that the SCR turns on when the voltage across the device 203has reached that predetermined voltage level.

That predetermined voltage level can be chosen to reflect a suitableamount of tooth brushing. For example, this can be based on a typicalstroke length and/or force of brushing. If a typical tooth brushing isexpected to run for S strokes at a force of F Newtons before the switch204 is to be closed, and a typical stroke is L m in length, then it isknown that the typical brushing will generate (S strokes)*(L m/stroke)*FN=X Joules of energy. When the accumulated voltage in the storage device203 corresponds to that amount of work done during the brushing, theswitch will close.

During brushing, the piezoelectric devices 104, 106 will generate aknown amount of voltage for a given amount of bending force, and theelectromagnetic generator 108 will generate a known amount of currentfor each time the magnet 110 passes through coil 109. This energy willbe stored in the storage device 203, and accordingly, the storage device203 acts as a form of integrator, totaling up the mechanical workperformed by the user's brushing. If the user brushes faster, or harder,the storage device 203 will accumulate charge faster than if the userbrushes slower or with less force.

When the predetermined voltage has been accumulated, the switch circuit204 may close the electrical connection, and the stored voltage indevice 203 may be discharged and used for a variety of purposes. Forexample, output devices 206 may include devices that signal to the userwhen sufficient brushing has occurred. Such signaling devices may takemany forms, such as a light-emitting diode (LED) or other illuminateddisplay, a speaker generating an audible tone, and/or a mechanicalvibrator. For example, a display may be placed on the toothbrush toassist in reporting output. The display may include light-emitting diode(LED) displays, an alphanumeric display screen, individual lights, orany other desired form of visual output. For example, the display may bean Organic LED or electroluminescent sheet that can be tuned to providea desired luminescent characteristic such as color, temperature,intensity etc. OLED or EL (electroluminescent) technology can beembedded into the toothbrush molding, or can be applied to the surfaceof the toothbrush body. It should be understood by those skilled in theart that the present invention is not limited to any particular type ofdisplay.

In some implementations, the toothbrush relies entirely on themechanically-harvested energy to run these output devices, so thedevices may be configured to be very low power devices. For example, anenergy-efficient LED with a current limiting resistor may be used, or aDC piezoelectric buzzer as an audio device, or a piezoelectric vibratoras a vibrating device.

Output devices 206 can perform other functions besides informing theuser when brushing is complete. For example, the energy can be used topower components, such as micro pumps and pump valves, to deliveractives at predetermined stages during brushing. For example, a separateactive or flavor can be automatically delivered midway through thebrushing. The energy can alternatively be used as a supplement to energyprovided by another battery on the toothbrush (e.g., for playing videogames, playing music, or any other battery-operated function), or torecharge such a separate battery. In some configurations, toothbrush100, 300, 400, 500 may be a traditional electric vibratory toothbrush(with vibrating head/bristles, motor, power supply, etc.), and theenergy harvesting circuitry may be used as a supplement to recycle someof the mechanical energy in the brushing and vibration of the toothbrushand use that energy to assist in powering and/or recharging a battery ofthe device.

The toothbrush may include a voltage regulator 205 to provide a constantvoltage to the output device 206. For example, National Instrument'sLM2674 or LM3670 integrated circuit may be used for this purpose.

Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art fromconsideration of the specification disclosed herein. For example, theFIG. 2 schematic is merely an example. While FIG. 2 represents energyharvesting devices 201 generically, and shows a single example rectifier202, storage 203, switch, 204, etc., multiple devices 201 may be usedand separate circuitry can be supplied for different types of devices201.

FIG. 4 illustrates an alternate circuit configuration. This alternateconfiguration can use an integrated circuit (e.g., part no.LM3670_SOT23_(—)5 U1), instead of the SCR in FIG. 2, to control theswitching of the circuit. The use of this integrate circuit for theswitching may allow the easier turning on/off of the device at theenable pin (labeled pin 3, or “EB”, in the Figure), allowing for a moreefficient system. The FIG. 3 configuration also shows the addition of aZener diode D5. The Zener diode may protect against the generation oftoo much voltage, by short-circuiting the source if too much voltage isgenerated. Such a component may help prevent damage to the circuitry if,for example, the user vigorously brushes or shakes the toothbrush for anextended period of time.

It is intended that the specification and examples be considered asexemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention beingindicated by the following claims.

1. An oral care implement, comprising: an energy harvesting deviceconfigured to convert mechanical energy into electricity responsive tomechanical engagement of oral tissue with said implement; an electricalenergy storage device configured to store said electricity; and aswitching circuit configured to maintain an electrical connection in anopen configuration until a predetermined level of charge has been storedby said electrical energy storage device, and to close said electricconnection when said predetermined level of charge has been stored bysaid electrical energy storage device.
 2. The oral care implement ofclaim 1, wherein said predetermined level of charge is determined basedon an average length of a tooth brushing stroke.
 3. The oral careimplement of claim 1, wherein said predetermined level of charge isdetermined based on an average level of force of a tooth brushingstroke.
 4. The oral care implement of claim 1, wherein saidpredetermined level of charge is determined based on an average lengthand force of a tooth brushing stroke.
 5. The oral care implement ofclaim 1 further comprising a head, wherein said energy harvesting devicefurther comprises a piezoelectric device positioned in said head togenerate electricity from deflection of said head.
 6. The oral careimplement of claim 1 further comprising a head with one or more toothcleaning elements, wherein said energy harvesting device furthercomprises a generator positioned to generate electricity from movementof at least one tooth cleaning element along its longitudinal axis. 7.The oral care implement of claim 6, wherein said energy harvestingdevice includes a cantilever portion attached to said tooth cleaningelement.
 8. The oral care implement of claim 1, wherein said mechanicalenergy harvesting device further comprises an electromagnetic generatorconfigured to generate electricity from a movement of said implement. 9.The oral care implement of claim 8, wherein said generator comprises awire coil and a magnet configured to move through a center of said coil.10. The oral care implement of claim 1, further comprising a voltageregulator electrically coupled to the electrical connection and to anoutput device.
 11. The oral care implement of claim 1, furthercomprising a rectifier circuit coupled between the mechanical energyharvesting device and the electrical energy storage device.
 12. An oralcare implement, comprising: a head having one or more cleaning elements,a flex joint, and an energy harvesting device responsive to deflectionof the head about the flex joint; a rectifier circuit coupled to saidenergy harvesting device; and a storage device for storing electricalenergy from said rectifier circuit.
 13. The oral care implement of claim12, wherein the flex joint is disposed along a longitudinal axis of thehead.
 14. The oral care implement of claim 12, wherein the flex joint isdisposed along a width of the head.
 15. The oral care implement of claim12, wherein the energy harvesting device includes a cantileveroperatively coupled to at least one cleaning element.
 16. The oral careimplement of claim 15, further comprising a switch circuit, coupled tothe storage device for storing electrical energy, and configured tomaintain an electrical connection in an open position until a level insaid storage device meets a predetermined level; and to close saidelectrical connection when said level in said storage device reachessaid predetermined level.
 17. The oral care implement of claim 17,wherein said predetermined level is based on predetermined average brushstroke length and force values.
 18. An oral care implement, comprising:a head coupled a handle; the head having a field of cleaning elements,at least one flex joint, and a piezoelectric device located at said flexjoint; a handle having an electromagnetic generator with a coil and amagnet configured to pass through said coil; a rectifier circuit coupledto said coil and said piezoelectric device; a storage device for storingelectrical energy from said rectifier circuit; and a switch circuit,coupled to said storage device, and configured to maintain an electricalconnection in an open position until a level in said storage devicemeets a predetermined level; and close said electrical connection whensaid level in said means meets said predetermined level.
 19. The oralcare implement of claim 18, wherein said predetermined level is based onpredetermined average brush stroke length.
 20. The oral care implementof claim 18, wherein said storage device is a capacitor.